Nkọwa dị mkpirikpi:

Onye na-ejide ọkụ bụ ihe nchekwa nke oke ọkụ, ọkachasị maka nchekwa nke sistemu ọkụ eletrik, sistemu eletriki ụgbọ oloko, sistemu nkwukọrịta n'ụdị ngwa eletriki dị iche iche (transformer,
mgba ọkụ, capacitor, trapper, transformers, generators, motors, power cables ) site na ikuku ikuku n'elu voltaji, oke voltaji na transient over-voltage dị otú ahụ mmebi, bụ ntọala nke ike usoro mkpuchi mkpuchi.
Metal oxide surge arrester nke isi components ( resistors ) na zinc oxide dabeere elu formulations, nwere nnọọ magburu onwe nononlinear (VA) e ji mara, ya bụ na nkịtị na-arụ ọrụ voltaji, ugbu a site na naanị microampere ogbo, mgbe doro a voltaji, ugbu a site na oge ruru puku kwuru puku amperes, na-eme na a àmụmà arrester on-ala voltaji, ntọhapụ nke ike, si otú ahụ na-amachi nke ọma.
oke voltaji na nnyefe ike na mmebi akụrụngwa mgbanwe.
Omenala silicon carbide surge njide bụ n'ihi igbu oge na-agbapụta ebili mmiri nke ebili mmiri na-agbapụta voltaji dị elu, na-arụ ọrụ ebili mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ voltaji mwepu ikuku.
elu. Zinc oxide surge arrester na ezigbo nzaghachi ebili mmiri nke voltaji ebili mmiri, n'egbughị oge, arụ ọrụ residualdepression, enweghị mgbasa mgbasa, wdg.
nke ukwuu, kamakwa na nchikota mkpuchi, nwere ike ịbụ steepụ ebili mmiri, àmụmà, oke nchebe ọrụ nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu, iji nye nchebe kachasị mma maka akụrụngwa ọkụ eletrik.
Ihe njide igwe oxide kpuchiri ihe mejupụtara ya, na-anata ịkpụzi injection, teknụzụ akara abụọ, arụmọrụ akara dị mma, arụmọrụ mgbawa, ma nwee ike belata mmetọ ahụ.
eguzogide free ihicha foogu mmiri ntutu, eletriki mbuze eguzogide, ịka nká iguzogide, obere olu, ìhè arọ, adaba echichi na mmezi. Poselin bụ ntọala nke njide àmụmà maka
nkwalite nke ngwaahịa.